The old saying is that nothing is certain except death and taxes. In health care, the other near certainty seems to be that compensation for health care leaders is big and always getting bigger.
Over the past few weeks several reports about the compensation of top executives of US non-profit hospitals and hospital systems have appeared. So it is time to do our latest round-up of incessantly buoyant hospital executive compensation, and argumentative hot air that seems to fuel it. I will first summarize the latest cases in alphabetical order by state, and then examine some common justifications for the seemingly anti gravitational nature of executive compensation in this part of health care.
ArizonaOn AZCentral.com was an
article about the CEO of a single relatively small public hospital system:
The leaders of Maricopa County’s public health-care system agreed to raise chief executive Betsey Bayless’ pay by 33 percent, bringing her salary to $500,000.
That may not seem like a lot of money as executive compensation goes, but consider the context:
The Maricopa Integrated Health System is a public hospital system that provides care for the Valley’s poor and uninsured. It is funded by federal and state health-care dollars and a special county levy paid by all county property-tax payers.
MIHS budgeted $3.5 million for market adjustments and merit raises for its employees in fiscal 2013. Bayless’ salary increase alone will consume one-quarter of the $500,000 the board had allocated this fiscal year to bring all employees’ pay in line with similar positions elsewhere.
The health-care system’s rank-and-file employees have received annual merit-based salary increases of no more than 2.9 percent since fiscal 2008.
Nonetheless, the CEO did not exactly feel rich:
Bayless said she did not request the raise and was not expecting it. She said she believes MIHS employees will understand that her salary has been comparatively low and that her replacement likely will be brought in at an even higher salary.
She justified her pay by comparing it to what she thought the market would bear.
'Any salary information will show you that my salary is always the lowest of any (hospital) CEO currently in the entire state, even the little-bitty hospitals,' Bayless said. 'On any measure, 375 (thousand dollars) is below market. So, do I feel undercompensated? I don’t know. But on any measure, it always comes in below market.'
Members of the hospital system's board also justified the pay on the grounds that it was at the market rate:
[Board Members Mary] Harden and [Terence] McMahon said they voted for the pay raise because a national search firm hired to find Bayless’ replacement set $500,000 as a minimum competitive salary for qualified candidates.
Another board member also noted how hard CEO Bayless works:
'The lady works 70-plus hours a week. She’s on call 24/7. So, I think the job warrants it. She works very, very hard,' Dewane said.
I am sure health care professionals who also work long hours, and are frequently on call, but unlike managers, have to make decisions with real life and death consequences would understand, or not.
CaliforniaIn California a report focused in contrast on the bigger hospitals and hospital systems. California Healthcare News
reported on the best compensated hospital executives in the state. In general,
More than one in five non-profit hospital chief executive officers in California received compensation totaling $1 million or more in 2010, according to a new pay survey by Payers & Providers.
Altogether, 32 CEOs of the 154 surveyed received pay packages that ventured into the seven figures. That compares to 19 CEOs who received seven-figure pay packages in the only prior survey Payers & Providers conducted. That survey was published in June 2010, and relied primarily on data from 2007 and 2008.
Some specifics about the best paid executives:
Kaiser Permanente's George Halvorson is the most highly-compensated hospital system executive in California, receiving $7.74 million in 2010. That included more than $6 million in additional compensation. Halvorson is retiring as Kaiser's CEO in June.
Thomas Priselac, the chief executive officer of Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles, was the highest-paid standalone hospital CEO, earning $2.77 million in 2010. That included additional compensation of $1.6 million.
The article provided the justification for Priselac's seven-figure compensation:
According to an email response from Cedars-Sinai spokesperson Duke Helfand, Priselac's compensation 'reflects the top-tier clinical, research and educational performance the medical center consistently has delivered in his 19 years of leadership.'
He did not offer how this performance was measured, how it compared to that of any other hospital, or whether anyone other than the CEO might have been responsible for that performance.
The survey results included the best compensated CEO of a health-district
Michael Covert, the CEO of the two hospital Palomar-Pomerado Health system in San Diego County, was the highest-paid district hospital CEO, earning $1.09 million in 2010. He was among two district hospital CEOs to earn seven-figure compensation.
The survey results also included the best compensated CEO for academic medical centers run by the (state supported) University of California:
David T. Feinberg, M.D., is by far the highest-paid CEO among those who oversee the five research hospitals operated by the University of California. Feinberg, who runs Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, earned $1.33 million in 2010 – the only seven-figure pay package among that cohort of CEOs, and nearly $450,000 more than the second-highest earner in that group, Mark Laret of UC San Francisco Medical Center.
ConnecticutBecker's Hospital Review
provided information on the highest paid Connecticut hospital CEOs:
Here are the nine CEOs who earned at least $1 million in 2011.
• Clarence Silvia, The Hospital of Central Connecticut: $2.76 million
• Marna Borgstrom, Yale-New Haven Hospital: $2.59 million
• Brian Grissler, Stamford Hospital: $2.24 million
• Elliot Joseph, Hartford Hospital: $1.74 million
(*CEO is now Jeff Flaks)
• Frank Corvino, Greenwich Hospital: $1.71 million
• Susan Davis, RN, Saint Vincent's Medical Center: $1.48 million
• Chris Dadlez, Saint Francis Hospital and Medical Center: $1.42 million
• John Murphy, MD, Danbury Hospital: $1.08 million
• Christopher O'Connor, Hospital of Saint Raphael: $1.04 million
The report did not provide any justification for the pay levels, and I could find no further news coverage that was relevant.
MassachusettsThe Fitchburg (MA) Sentinel and Enterprise seemed to be the only media outlet which
noted the compensation of hospital executives reported to the state attorney general. It listed compensation of some regional hospital leaders,
Patrick Muldoon, president and CEO of HealthAlliance Hospital, a member of the UMass Memorial Health Care system, received a compensation package of $653,868 in 2010, the most recent year for which compensation data is publicly available.
The HealthAlliance system includes a 135-bed community hospital with services on two campuses in Leominster and Fitchburg.
Over that same period, Daniel P. Moen, former president and CEO of the 153-bed Heywood Hospital in Gardner, received a compensation package of $386,126.
Christine Schuster, CEO of Emerson Hospital in Concord, earned a total compensation package of $669,844. Emerson has 179 beds.
Lahey Clinic chief executive Howard Grant, who oversees a facility with 317 beds, was paid a total compensation package of $768,568 in 2010.
The article did not note the justification for the pay of any of these CEOs. I was unable to find any other recent reporting that took advantage of the data supplied to the state Attorney General.
New York
SUNY - Downstate Medical Center The New York Daily News
reported on compensation given to executives at one state supported university medical center:
15 SUNY Downstate Medical Center bigs are raking in $200,000-plus salaries even as plans move forward to shut down its Long Island College Hospital campus.
Downstate president Dr. John Williams who’s leading the drive to close the Cobble Hill hospital gets the fattest pay of all.
He’s paid $650,000 a year salary and gets an annual housing allowance of up to $80,000 and the use of a car.
It listed the following compensation information for other executives:
Other big hospital administrators’ salaries, 2011
* $552,556.33 — Debra Carey, vice president
* $357,379.26 - Grace Wong, vice president
* $334,072.19 — Ivan Lisnitzer, vice president
* $312,182.24 — Paul Davis, assistant vice president
* $286,954.51 Renee Poncet, vice president
This should be viewed in the context of the medical center's current dire straits:
SUNY Downstate — which has a hospital and medical school in East Flatbush — is in such bad financial shape it could go broke by March, SUNY chairman Carl McCall has said.
Of course, despite these financial threats, a "spokesman" defended these payments again as market-based:
[Robert] Bellafioire defended the brigade of big salaries — though the controller’s audit suggested Downstate should consider cutting the number of high-paid administrators.
'We have to offer competitive compensation, particularly when we’re up against any number of the country’s best hospitals and medical schools just across the bridge and in the metropolitan area,' Bellafiore said.
Rural Hospitals in Upstate New York On the other hand, the Plattsburgh (NY) Press-Republican
reported on the compensation given to hospital executives in rural northern New York state. These included Alice Hyde Medical Center:
John Johnson, president and chief executive officer, was paid $339,539 in 2010. He retired in the fall of 2012.
He was replaced by Douglas DiVello, who is paid $246,682 in salary and benefits.
Then there was CVPH Medical Center in Plattsburgh
Hospital President Stephens Mundy has been at CVPH for 10 years and was paid $749,563 in salary, bonuses and other compensation in 2010.
His base salary for 2013 is $478,421,...
In addition, there was Elizabethtown Community:
Rodney Boula, president and chief executive officer at ECH, was paid $229,902 in 2010.
Note that later the article explained that this hospital has no more than 25 beds.
However, the reporter was unable to find out the compensation of the CEO of the Adirondack Medical Center in Saranac Lake:
Chandler Ralph, president and chief executive officer for 16 years, is not employed by the hospital or its umbrella organization, Adirondack Health.
She is paid through a contract with a management company, Health Tech Management Services, said Joe Riccio, AMC communications director.
Her salary is a confidential employment contract, 'just like any other vendor that does business' with the hospital, he said.
Because of that, her salary was not available through IRS records. The Press-Republican pressed Ralph to release her salary, noting that it was publishing the pay of all other area hospital CEOs, but she refused, citing confidentiality.
Parenthetically, this seems to be an unusual case of the actual outsourcing of top leadership.
This compensation information again should be considered in the context. These are all relatively small hospitals in a rural area with low costs of living. In addition, these hospitals were facing substantial financial challenges:
Numerous jobs were cut in 2012 at the area’s five hospitals, some the first substantial layoffs in decades. One hospital recorded an operating deficit, and at some, programs and services were reduced.
Adirondack Health, parent company of Adirondack Medical Center in Saranac Lake, and CVPH Medical Center in Plattsburgh, each laid off 17 employees last fall and eliminated vacant positions.
Alice Hyde Medical Center in Malone let 12 people go in September and had closed down more than a dozen vacancies.
Nonetheless, the justifications for these compensation levels included the usual suspects.In an introductory discussion not specific to any hospital, we find:
'The responsibilities of a CEO have exploded in the last four years,' said William Van Slyke of the Healthcare Association of New York State, an organization that represents hospitals and health-care systems across the state.
Similarly,
'Being a hospital CEO, you are ‘all in,’ all the time, every hour. It’s a tremendous responsibility.'
This is the familiar argument about how hard seemingly all hospital CEOs work. As noted above, it is particularly incongruous in a health care setting in which numerous health professionals are also "all in," and these professionals bear the responsibility of making decisions and taking actions that can directly affect patients' health, safety, and even survival.
Following this were the equally familiar arguments that the compensation of CEOs is determined by the market, and so to retain CEOs one must pay at this market rate:
'Being a hospital CEO, especially in the state of New York, is complex and demanding job. There is an extraordinarily limited pool of candidates, and that increases their value.'
'I can’t speak for the hospitals in your area,' he told the Press-Republican, 'but a qualified and successful CEO can go anywhere in the country and make equal or higher salaries.'
The Press Republican also elicited very similar articles justifying pay for individual hospital CEOs, for example, regarding the CEO of the Alice Hyde Medical Center, here is the "compensation is determined by the market" argument from "Dean Johnston, president of the Board of Trustees, and member of the hospital's Compensation Committee"
'It’s important that the salary is competitive with other institutions because it’s difficult to attract professional leaders who will improve the quality of care.'
And from the same person, here is the "CEOs work very hard" argument
'It’s difficult being CEO,' Johnston continued, 'because you’re the head of a complex and multi-faceted institution.'
Very similar arguments were made to justify the compensation of the CEO of CVPH Medical Center.
The Usual Talking Points and Logical FallaciesSo, to summarize, hospital executive compensation, at least such compensation that gets noted in the media, seemingly never has been better. CEOs at even the smallest, most rural, non-profit community hospitals can make well into the six figures. CEOs at public hospitals can make over half a million dollars. CEOs at larger hospitals, even those that are state supported, can make even more, up to millions a year for CEOs of moderate to large non-profit hospital systems. Even hospitals that are facing financial challenges, or that are laying off employees still pay substantial amounts.
In previous posts, we noted that whenever anyone bothers to try to justify extravagant executive compensation at hospitals, and for that matter, other health care organizations throughout the US, they seem to repeat the same set of talking points. We first listed the talking points
here, and then provided additional examples of their use
here,
here and
here. The talking points are:
- we pay what everyone else pays
- CEOs work hard and are brilliant, and so deserve high pay
- high pay is needed to attract and retain competent, if not brilliant people.
None of the examples of these talking points we have seen so far explain why these apply to CEOs and other top hired managers, but not to other kinds of employees.
So it should be no surprise that the justifications for the largesse to hospital executives found in the cases above follow the talking points yet again.
We Pay What Everyone Else Pays Another way to put this is that some market determines CEO pay. We saw versions of this to support the compensation of the CEOs of Maricopa Integrated Health System in Arizona, and SUNY - Downstate Medical Center and Alice Hyde Medical Center in New York.
Note that almost never is this argument supported by data about whether comparisons were actually made to a representative peer group. In any case, as we
asserted before, this justification may be a logical fallacy, an
appeal to common practice.
CEOs Work Hard and Are Brilliant This is an especially frequently used talking point. I have yet to see an instance in which any hospital official would omit a CEO was anything other than supremely diligent and totally brilliant. We saw versions of this to support the compensation of the CEOs of Maricopa (AZ), Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in California, the Alice Hyde Medical Center and CVPH Medical Center in New York, and generically to support all New York State hospital CEOs.
As we noted above, this justification is almost never accompanied by any evidence that CEOs work harder or are more brilliant than the numerous health care professionals who actually make it possible for the hospital to operate. I would guess it would be very hard to show that CEOs work longer hours, are under more stress, make more consequential decisions, are smarter or better trained than typical doctors, nurses and other health care professionals. This justification thus appears to be another kind of logical fallacy, an
appeal to authority.
High Pay is Needed for Retention We saw versions of this to support the CEOs of Maricopa, SUNY - Downstate, Alice Hyde, CVPH, and generically again to support all NY hospital CEOs.
Note that this justification is also almost never supported by any evidence. As we noted
here, while this argument, probably like the others, comes from the generic business management literature, there is little data in the larger business world to show that CEOs are very mobile, or likely to succeed when transplanted to a new environment. In fact, a recent report looking at the mobility of CEOs worldwide called this a "self-serving myth." (See
this summary for a link to it.)
It is too bad that no one ever seems to get the opportunity to challenge these talking points when they are offered as justifications for outlandish executive compensation.
Read more here: http://www.charlotteobserver.com/2013/02/06/3835851/charlotte-hospital-pay.html#storylink=cpy
Read more here: http://www.charlotteobserver.com/2013/02/06/3835851/charlotte-hospital-pay.html#storylink=cpy
Summary
As we have
shown again and again, the pay of top health care leaders seems to endlessly increase, without clear justification, regardless of the vicissitudes affecting the organizations they lead, their employees, their patients and society. This suggests that health care organizations, like many other organizations, seem to be run primarily for the benefit of their executives and their cronies, regardless of what happens to anyone else.
As we have frequently said, current policies about paying hired health care managers leave the managers unaccountable for the effects of their actions on patients' and the public's health, and worse, fail to deter and may even encourage ignorance of the health care mission, frankly mission-hostile behavior, self-interest, conflicts of interest, and outright corruption. Meanwhile, paying nearly all top managers as if they were brilliant, while setting much harsher standards for the employees who actually take care of patients, including health professionals, demoralizes those on whom patients actually depend for care.
As we have said endlessly,.... Health care organizations need leaders that uphold the core values of health care, and focus on and are accountable for the mission, not on secondary responsibilities that conflict with these values and their mission, and not on self-enrichment. Leaders ought to be rewarded reasonably, but not lavishly, for doing what ultimately improves patient care, or when applicable, good education and good research. On the other hand, those who authorize, direct and implement bad behavior ought to suffer negative consequences sufficient to deter future bad behavior.
If we do not fix the severe problems affecting the leadership and governance of health care, and do not increase accountability, integrity and transparency of health care leadership and governance, we will be as much to blame as the leaders when the system collapses.